Red nose Santa Claus what is summer. Santa Claus salad - red nose - recipes with photos. Corr.: Grandfather Frost, how did you become Grandfather Frost
“Hello, Grandfather Frost, cotton wool beard! Did you bring us gifts? The guys are really looking forward to it!” – these lines have been familiar to us since kindergarten! Most of us perceive this comrade as a fairy-tale character who appears on New Year's Eve and gives gifts to obedient children. Let's take a closer look at who Santa Claus is and where he came from.
When did the image of Santa Claus appear?
The Slavs were able to personify almost all natural phenomena. Moroz was also not deprived of such an honor. He was presented as a white-bearded old man in a fur coat who was master of the cold and winter cold. You can hear Frost in the winter forest, when he “crackles and clicks, jumping from tree to tree.” He usually came from the north. Different Slavic tribes called Moroz in their own way: Treskunets, Morozko, Karachun, Studenets, Zyuzya, etc.
In general, the Slavs held Frost in high esteem, because it was believed that a cold, snowy winter would ensure a good harvest. Therefore, there was a ritual called “Clicking Frost”, when he was treated to ritual food in the form of pancakes and kutya.
A lot of information about Frost can be gleaned from folk art. In many fairy tales, he tested the protagonist, who could be generously gifted or frozen to death.
Many writers of the 19th century described this character in their fairy tales, relying specifically on Slavic mythology. At the same time, he was not associated with the New Year or Christmas, but he already had some attributes of the modern Santa Claus. In the Soviet film “Morozko” you can directly see such a character.
But still, starting from the second half of the 19th century, Santa Claus began to be compared with the New Year holidays. So he began to play the role of “Christmas grandfather,” who, like Nicholas the Pleasant in the West, gave gifts to obedient Russian children.
Already at the beginning of the 20th century, Grandfather Frost was very similar to his contemporary, but with an emphasis on Christmas traditions. However in 1929, the Komsomol strictly prohibited the celebration of Christmas and, accordingly, Moroz Ivanovich went on vacation for several years.
The revival of Santa Claus in our usual form took place on the New Year of 1936! At the same time, the first New Year tree in the Soviet Union was officially held, where he appeared together with his granddaughter Snegurochka. It is worth noting that Santa Claus was conceived as a character intended for a children's audience.
By the way, in the USSR they tried to introduce such a character as the New Year Boy, who appeared as the successor of Grandfather.
What does the real Santa Claus look like?
Western culture sometimes makes us confuse the appearance of our Father Frost with the attributes of Santa Claus. Let's figure it out what exactly a Russian New Year's Grandfather should look like.
Beard
A long thick beard has always been an integral attribute of our Santa Claus at all times. In addition to the fact that a beard indicates his age, it also symbolizes wealth and prosperity. Interestingly, the Slavs imagined Frost with a beard down to his feet.
Fur coat
The grandfather must wear a red fur coat, embroidered with silver and trimmed with swan down. Do not forget about the obligatory presence of a traditional ornament, for example, in the form of geese or stars. Today, fur coats of blue, white, and even green are used, but many, including historians, criticize this outfit, insisting that for our Frost, red is canonical.
A cap
Santa Claus wears a semi-oval hat, like a boyar's, but on its front part there should be a triangular cutout. Color, ornament, trim - everything should match the fur coat. All kinds of hats with a tassel are for Santa.
Shoes and other accessories
Today, many Grandfathers wear sneakers and leather shoes, which is completely unacceptable. These must be felt boots or boots embroidered with silver. The belt (not a belt!) must be white with a red ornament, which symbolizes the connection with the ancestors. Mittens should also be white, symbolizing the holiness and purity of what Santa Claus gives from his hands.
Staff
The Slavic Morozko used a stick to make a characteristic knock, later the staff was used to create cold and freeze those who did not pass the test. According to the canon, the staff must be crystal or at least silver to resemble crystal. It has a twisted handle and ends with a stylized image of the Moon or a bull's head.
This is what the famous Father Frost from Veliky Ustyug looks like. The outfit is almost spot on. A bag with presents
Santa Claus comes to children not empty-handed, but with a whole bag of gifts. Its color is usually red too. By definition, the bag is magical, because the gifts in it do not end, at least while it is in the hands of Grandfather.
Well, now when dressing up as Santa Claus, you will know what to focus on.
Character of Santa Claus
Unlike his Western counterpart, Santa Claus is not an inveterate merry fellow. He is quite stern, but at the same time kind and fair.. Santa Claus still loves to test people and only then give them gifts, but he no longer freezes anyone, but simply finds out how you behaved last year and asks you to recite a poem.
In many cultures, there is a character who gives children gifts for New Year or Christmas. The most famous throughout the world is Santa Claus, who holds the post of good giver in Western Europe and the USA.
We won't make a detailed comparison between Father Frost and Santa, just remember that our donor's sleigh is pulled by a three-piece, he does not climb pipes, does not smoke a pipe and does not wear glasses. In addition, our Grandfather does not associate with elves, because he has a granddaughter, Snegurochka.
A few words about the Snow Maiden
The Snow Maiden does not have a direct analogy with Slavic mythology, although it is believed that this is one of the girls who was frozen by Morozko. The first mentions of the Snow Maiden appear in Russian folklore, where she is described as a revived girl who was made of snow. Later she appears as the daughter of Santa Claus, but in the end the option with a granddaughter took root.
Today, Snegurochka is Father Frost’s indispensable assistant on all New Year’s holidays.
Conclusion
Santa Claus is truly a national treasure, because people from different eras worked on his image. Even in the Slavic tribes, they revered the stern master of the cold, who appears both in oral folk art and in fairy tales of Russian writers. He has come down to us in the form of a kind grandfather who gives children gifts for the New Year.
Drunken Santa Claus is a classic of the genre in Soviet folklore. Well, Frost, the White Nose, doesn’t spare anyone... Oh, Frost, the Red Nose, we’ll sing a song And we invite you to a round dance with the children. And Frost the Red Nose caught up with the villager and let’s freeze him. Frost Red Nose became angry with the villager, but he could not do anything with him... Along with the rehabilitation of the Christmas tree, the denunciations of Santa Claus, who was completely restored in his rights, stopped.
Everything above is not true, here is the true version: Hello, Grandfather Frost of the beards from Vaaata, did you bring us gifts from the children's hunchbacked friend? Here is another fairy tale that has become reality: Santa Claus was accepted into United Russia.
I would like to see how children's imagination will be reflected in the drawings of a United Russia member with a red nose and a bag from sponsors. Presumably, she joined the “Young Guard of United Russia” and went to improve her qualifications in Seliger. Netizens are already reacting with all their might to what is happening and writing: “Santa Claus is a United Russia member. A fairy-tale character called to help the party tries to give it a human face, but Santa Claus alone cannot cope with this.
Grandfather Frost is the most important character of every New Year's holiday. Good Grandfather Frost has a full beard. He is in too much of a hurry today, Together with his granddaughter, to the children. Good grandfather Frost brought me a puppy in a bag, but some strange grandfather, dressed in his mother’s fur coat, and his eyes are big, like dad’s blue. Bright, beautiful, flaky, with red fish, crab sticks, rice and fresh vegetables, seasoned with mayonnaise and decorated in the shape of Santa Claus.
Preparation: Preparation of food: Cut salted red fish, crab sticks and firm tomatoes into small cubes into separate plates. We all know who Red Nose Frost is. This is what we most often see on the streets of our cities and on numerous New Year’s trees. But not everyone knows that Frost Red Nose is only one of three brothers, the youngest.
Not only do they have different noses, but also their fur coats - Red Nose is red, Blue Nose is blue, and White Nose is white. But sometimes Frost White Nose is dressed in a black fur coat embroidered with silver...
Abstract to the book “Fantasizing with stickers. Santa Claus-Red Nose”
White nose freezes to death. Here is an example of the famous Belarusian fairy tale “Two Frosts”. Frosts walk and walk, praising each other. And it’s quiet, so quiet, as if there was no living soul left in the world. Frosts ran from the field to the forest. They run, click, jump from tree to tree, scare bunnies.
Unfortunately, the browser you are using is outdated and does not display the site correctly. Please install any of the modern browsers, for example:
Frost Blue Nose ran for a long time before he caught up with the gentleman. “Hey, the frost is not joking,” says the villager. Santa Claus was also identified with the first month of the year - mid-winter. The first month of the year is cold and cold - the king of frosts, the root of winter, its sovereign. Santa Claus is also a hero of classical Russian literature - a play by A.N. Ostrovsky “The Snow Maiden”, poem by N.A. Nekrasov “Frost, Red Nose”, poem by V.Ya. Bryusov “The King of the North Pole”.
And the very image of Santa Claus is the winter hypostasis of the mighty and wise God Veles. At different times and in different places he appeared differently. Grandfather Treskun is an old man with a long beard and a temper as harsh as Russian frosts. Frost is a hero, a blacksmith, who binds water with “iron frosts.”
Frost was sometimes identified with the violent winter wind. Karachun - among the Slavic deities, stands out for its ferocity - an evil spirit that shortens life. Underground God who rules frosts. The longest night of the year, the night of the Winter Solstice, is also called Karachun. The belt is white with an ornament - a symbol of the connection between ancestors and descendants. Both are signs that Santa Claus is a hypostasis of Veles.
"New Year" in jail
To this day, Father Frost walks around in a long fur coat, felt boots and with a staff. During the holidays, Santa Claus does not appear immediately, but in the middle of the celebration. That’s why they call him not an old man or an old man, but a grandfather or grandfather. For centuries, the church forbade even commemorating the very name of Santa Claus.
For the first time after centuries of persecution, Father Frost appeared at Christmas in 1910. But it didn't last long. Already in the mid-1920s, an anti-religious campaign began in the USSR. The attitude of the church towards Santa Claus - as a pagan God - has always been and now remains purely hostile. To this day, some Orthodox Christians blame Stalin for not destroying Father Frost.
The players answer in chorus: “We are not afraid of threats, and we don’t care about the frost!” (In a purely children's version of the game: “... and we are not afraid of frost”). After that, they run across the “field” to the “house,” but they must run between the poles. Frost tries to “freeze” them - touch them with his hand or staff.
The last Santa Claus is declared the winner. At the end of the game, you can compare which Frost “froze” more players. Standing between the poles, they say: “We are two young brothers, two daring Frosts. The difference from the previous option is that those who are “frozen” by Frost Blue Nose are eliminated from the game and no longer participate in further races.
Through the efforts of activists, not only the Christmas tree, but also Santa Claus were included in “religious relics.” In this version, Santa Claus may not change, but be a permanent leader. And Frost Blue Nose just chuckles. Frost White nose is rarely mentioned in folklore...
Miracles on New Year's Eve happen only in childhood. Unfortunately, adults often forget about this. You will learn what this can lead to from the sad New Year's story of Vladimir Sedov.
New Year is the most wonderful holiday for a child. Because on New Year's Day Grandfather Frost comes and fulfills all children's wishes. As a child, I was always worried about the New Year. And I often imagined: December 31st, the doorbell rang. I run up and ask: “Who’s there?” And a miracle! They answer me: “It’s me. Grandfather Frost - Red Nose. I will open the door and Santa Claus will come in with a bag of gifts. And his nose is red from the cold. I treat him to tea. He will warm up and his nose will no longer be red. That's what I dreamed. But Santa Claus did not come.
I grew up. Year after year passed. My parents, musicians of a symphony orchestra, my mother played the cello, my father the bassoon, were always busy at holiday concerts on New Year's Eve, and I, as a rule, sat at home alone. Finally, at the age of seven, when I was beginning to slowly become disillusioned with miracles, my parents took pity on me and said that this time, on this New Year, Santa Claus would visit us.
It's December 31st. I was worried. My parents assured me that “he” would come. Finally the doorbell rang, I jumped with happiness and rushed to the door. Grabbing the handle, he shouted, stuttering with excitement: “Who’s there?” Some mooing was heard from behind the door. I thought that Santa Claus was frozen and therefore could not speak. He proudly opened the door. On the threshold stood people in costumes of the Snow Maiden and Carlson, and a man in a Santa Claus costume was holding his arms, his beard was hanging on his neck, and he was constantly trying to fall to the floor. I stepped aside. Santa Claus was dragged past me into the room, where my parents joyfully greeted this entire company, for some reason calling them “colleagues.” Dad and Carlson began to shake Santa Claus, trying to bring him to his senses. Along the way, “colleagues” thrust a package into my hands. As I understand it, it’s my New Year’s gift. With trembling hands I took the package. He sat down on the shoe and opened it. It contained a broken pack of cigarettes, a bitten apple, a fork and an unfinished bottle of port plugged with a newspaper stopper. All this, taken together and even separately, clearly did not qualify as a gift for me. Putting the package aside, I looked into the room. There my parents danced merrily with the Snow Maiden and Carlson, and the awakened Santa Claus held his head under the water tap. But even after this, for some reason Santa Claus’s nose remained red.
I slipped past the cheerful company to my room and crawled under the bed. Then I heard the chimes on TV and the champagne corks popping. The adults laughed and discussed problems in their orchestra. And I fell asleep right under the bed. And I dreamed of Santa Claus. But not the one with the red nose. But the real one. With a beard and a gorgeous wind-up car for me as a gift.
Father Frost and Snow Maiden (Irina Muravyova) during the New Year's performance at the Kremlin Palace of Congresses. 1978 Photo by Nikolai Malyshev and Valery Khristoforov
They say that the current Santa Claus is an image that has absorbed the ancient traditions of Slavic mythology, and Christian teaching with the legend of St. Nicholas the Pleasant, and pro-communist stories from the times of developed socialism.
Part one - pagan-fairy tale
In ancient legends it was the pagan spirit of cold Treskun, aka Student, Frost.
Since our ancestors lived in very difficult weather conditions, when cold and frost could cause a lot of problems in life, such as illness, death, and hunger, the grandfather was portrayed as an evil old man, hostile towards people and all living things. Freezing a careless traveler, freezing crops or livestock was a common thing for him.
We all know from childhood Russian folk tale "Two Frosts", where two brothers Frost Blue Nose and Frost Red Nose decided to have fun - freeze people.
Frost Blue Nose got a log from a guy there when he froze his fur coat
“The man looked and began to scold me - he went through all the words, that there are none worse. “Swear!” - I think to myself, - swear! But you won’t survive me!” So he wasn’t content with scolding. He chose a log that was longer and gnarled, and how he started hitting my sheepskin coat! He hit me on my sheepskin coat, but he kept scolding me. I should run quickly, but I’m too stuck in the wool - to get out I can’t. But he’s pounding, he’s pounding! I left by force. I thought I wouldn’t be able to collect the bones. I’m still tired of freezing the men.”
Well, there is absolutely no way to correlate such an image with something kind, affectionate, and even with a bag of gifts for the kids.
We all remember how at school we read excerpts from Nekrasov's poem "Frost, Red Nose" (1863).
"There are women in Russian villages..."
And
“It is not the wind that rages over the forest,
Streams did not run from the mountains,
Moroz the voivode on patrol
He goes around his possessions...”
This poem was usually not read to children in its entirety, because it is not at all about the kind Santa Claus, but about the evil Frost the governor, who in this poem killed two characters, first a certain Proclus, who, after standing in a snowdrift, caught a cold, then developed a fever and died, leaving a widow with small children, and then he froze the widow Daria, who after the funeral went into the forest to chop firewood, met this Frost under a tree there, and froze.
And in general, Moroz talks about his habits there:
“I love in deep graves
Dressing the dead in frost,
And freeze the blood in my veins,
And the brain in my head is freezing”
Is it really possible to give this to little children to read? They'll be scared!
Well, this is a typical idea of our ancestors about a certain prototype of Santa Claus at a time when no New Year was celebrated yet, and they were simply afraid of frost.
Well, I think there is no need to explain that such an image has never been a kind grandfather in a red fur coat. He was rather associated with something white (snowy), blue or blue (cold).
Left: V. Pertsov Illustration for Odoevsky’s fairy tale “Moroz Ivanovich”.
On right: Vladimir Konashevich Illustration for the fairy tale by V.F. Odoevsky “Moroz Ivanovich”.
In general, in literary treatment, the image of Santa Claus first appeared in 1840 the year when the famous writer V. F. Odoevsky published his book "Children's Tales of Grandfather Irenaeus." It was dedicated to Santa Claus fairy tale "Moroz Ivanovich", which is still known today. Two girls, the Needlewoman and Lenivitsa, alternately find themselves in the underground kingdom, where in front of his ice house “the old man Moroz Ivanovich, gray-haired, sits; he sits on an ice bench and eats snowballs; shakes his head - frost falls from his hair, dies of spirit - thick steam pours out.”
Our favorite childhood film was made based on this fairy tale. "Morozko." Santa Claus/Morozko was depicted like this in the film.
And here is a 1932 illustration for the fairy tale “Morozko” for the collection “Tales of a Russian Grandmother”, artist Bilibin.
I. Bolshakova Illustration for the fairy tale "Morozko".
Palekh box "Morozko"
Well, it seems that we have sorted out the “evil” pagan image and fairy tales. They didn’t find anything red except the nose; the whole color scheme was white and blue.
Part two - Christmas-Christian-urban
Pre-revolutionary Christmas card. In the process of creating an image, we first see a simple sheepskin coat as clothing
What do we have with a bag of gifts in pre-revolutionary Russia and Santa Claus as a Christmas character?
Almost at the same time when “The Tales of Grandfather Irenaeus” was published, the first advertising notices about the sale of Christmas trees began to appear in Russian newspapers, which indicated the beginning of the adoption in Russia of a custom, until then known only from translated literature and from the homes of St. Petersburg Germans .
Having emerged simultaneously at the turn of the 1830-1840s, Moroz Ivanovich and the Christmas tree, belonging to different cultural traditions, were completely divorced: Moroz Ivanovich came from the Russian village (as an adaptation of the folk Frost), the Christmas tree - from the West (as the adoption of a German custom).
Pre-revolutionary Christmas card
The connection that was missing at first will emerge two decades later, when Odoevsky’s fairy tale is included in the “Christmas tree” texts. At the same time and, it seems, independently of the creation of the image of Frost in literature, a mythological character appears and develops in the urban environment, “in charge” of the Christmas tree and, like the Christmas tree itself, originally borrowed from the West.
Pre-revolutionary Christmas card.
The image of a mythological character “in charge” of a Christmas tree did not take shape easily and over quite a long time. Since the Orthodox Church did not want to change the meaning of Christmas as a holiday, and the German tradition was alien to Orthodoxy, a rather powerful machine of adapting Western characters and realities to Russian reality was turned on, when Russian writers (Sollogub, Mamin-Sibiryak, Kudasheva, etc.) For several decades, they adapted the Christmas tree and the gifts under it to Russian realities.
Pre-revolutionary Christmas card.
During the creation of this Christmas tree mythology, the role of the main character, who provided the children with a Christmas tree, was cast. auditioned for Baby Jesus, old Ruprecht, St. Nicholas or Grandfather Nicholas, Grandmother Winter, Santa Claus, little old men harvesting Christmas trees in the forest, the Yule Old Man, just an old man living in the forest in winter, Yolkich, the Christmas tree grandfather, Christmas grandfather and "ruler" Russian forests" Frost.
Pre-revolutionary Christmas card.
Santa Claus won this fight. No Western Christmas tree character has an analogue to this name.
By the beginning of the twentieth century. The image of Santa Claus has finally taken shape: he functions as a toy on the Christmas tree, the main figure standing under the tree, an advertising doll in shop windows, a character in children's literature, a masquerade mask, a giver of the Christmas tree and gifts. At this time, the opinion about the “originality” and antiquity of this image is affirmed. At the same time, no specific canonical costume was created, sheepskin coats and fur coats of different colors, different hats on the head.
Pre-revolutionary Christmas card.
However before the revolution the idea of Santa Claus existed only in the urban environment, the mythology of which was created as a result of a peculiar processing by the enlightened layers of society of Western traditions and folk beliefs.
In the villages where the majority of the Russian population lived, they knew nothing and had never heard of any Christmas tree or Santa Claus bringing this tree and a bag of gifts to children. In the village, the Christmas tradition was mummers and carols (there will be a separate post about this)
Reproduction from the painting “With a Star” by M. Germashev. Published by the company "Richard", printed in the printing house of the partnership "R. Golicke and A. Wilborg". Petrograd, 1916
Part three - Soviet-Stalinist-New Year's
In the first years after the October Revolution, the attitude of the new government towards the Christmas tree and Santa Claus was quite loyal. But when the anti-religious campaign began in 1927, one of the tasks of which was the destruction of old holidays and the establishment of new ones, the Christmas tree and Santa Claus turned into “religious relics” and one of the forms of “anti-national activity of capitalists.” The XVI Party Conference (1929), having approved the “new mode of work,” introduced a five-day week, as a result of which Christmas Day became a regular working day.
1929 - 1935 - the worst time in the history of the New Year in the USSR. It, like Christmas, simply did not exist. Both December 31 and January 1 were working days, and no holidays were held.
Soviet New Year cards from 1953 (left) and 1956 (right)
The persecution of the Christmas tree and Santa Claus continued until 1935, when Stalin decided that the people needed a cheerful national holiday. The choice fell on the New Year, into which Christmas traditions could be transferred. On December 28, 1935, an issue of Pravda was published with an article by P. Postyshev about the need for the holiday, and the next day the decision of the Komsomol Central Committee was published, ordering Komsomol organizations to organize New Year trees for children. Along with the rehabilitation of the Christmas tree, the denunciations of Santa Claus also ended; after some doubts, his rights were completely restored.
Soviet New Year cards from 1957 (left) and 1959 (right)
Gradually, the appearance of the New Year's wizard took shape, which became canonical - a large white beard, a red or blue fur coat to the toes, tied with a sash, a high hat and mittens of the same color, felt boots (occasionally boots), a large staff, a bag of gifts.
In the first years, Soviet Father Frost provided children with gifts alone or with the help of some animals. Only after the war, when the preparation of scenarios for the New Year holidays began to be entrusted to venerable writers, poets, and cultural figures, new characters began to appear in Santa Claus’s circle. The scripts for the Kremlin Christmas trees were written by Sergei Mikhalkov and Lev Kassil. They also gave New Year's Grandfather a companion - his granddaughter Snegurochka (a character from Ostrovsky's fairy tale and Rimsky-Korsakov's opera).
As we see on the postcards, despite the Soviet government’s love for the color red and attempts to give Santa Claus some kind of revolutionary spirit through a red revolutionary fur coat, blue, white and occasionally yellow still prevailed in folk traditions. (as a light winter option and the legacy of a brown sheepskin coat)
Recently, an exhibition of the collection of Alexander Oleshko “Antique Santa Clauses” opened in Moscow at GUM https://nash-dvor.livejournal.com/1314115.html
I took some photos from there
When I was little, every year I was sent to the New Year tree, and I don’t remember Santa Claus in a red fur coat, he was always in blue or white (snow).
Our TVs back then were black and white, but even from them I remember some kind of light-colored fur coat, something like that.
Entertainer Boris Brunov and pioneer - New Year at the youth ball in the Kremlin, 1968
Although on New Year's greeting cards and in cartoons, the color red was very common. Red revolutionary Santa Claus.
Part four - Russian-post-perestroika.
They are strenuously trying to dress modern Santa Claus in a red fur coat, claiming that red in Russian means beautiful.
Personally, it seems to me, although I can’t prove it with anything, purely intuition, that this is more due to competition with Santa Claus in red pants and a jacket. For quite a few years, through “The Holiday is Coming to Us” from Coca Cola and “Jingle Bells”, through attempts to introduce various SantaCons and through Coca-Cola charity events, they tried to merge the image of Father Frost and Santa Claus together, apparently with the aim of subsequently replacing it with Coca-Cola hero. Therefore, the fur coat simply had to be red. This makes it easier to assimilate.
By the way, back in the Soviet years, the name of Father Frost was translated into all the languages of the peoples of the USSR, and their own New Year’s Father appeared even in the hot Asian republics.
And these days, the Russian Father Frost has new ethnic “relatives” who can no longer be called his copy. This was discussed here.
The Year of Culture was marked by rule-making. From May to September, a discussion took place on the draft Fundamentals of State Cultural Policy. The project was prepared by a working group led by the head of the presidential administration, Ivanov. Available online along with discussions.
What encouraged me personally?
Such provisions as: spiritual, cultural, national self-determination of Russia; own model of social development; creation and development of a system of education and enlightenment of citizens based on traditional Russian moral values, civic responsibility and patriotism; strengthening the impact of culture on the processes of personality formation, humanization of education, successful socialization of youth, creation of a high-quality information environment favorable for personal development; priority of the right of society to preserve the tangible and intangible cultural heritage of Russia over the property interests of individuals and legal entities; the need to find effective forms and means of improving the quality of materials on the Internet (pollution of the Internet information environment is compared to air and water pollution); children and adolescents obtaining skills for socially significant work in a team (and not a team, as some managers aspire) in combination with acquiring new knowledge and skills; support and development of citizens' initiatives to participate on a voluntary basis in ethnographic, local history and archaeological expeditions, in work to identify, study and preserve cultural heritage sites; cultural heritage is the basis and source of development of Russian civilization (and not a nation, according to the aspirations of some politicians).
Tangible cultural heritage has been defined - buildings and structures that have historical, architectural value, representing unique examples of engineering and technical solutions, urban planning objects, monuments of industrial architecture, historical and cultural landscapes, archaeological sites and archaeological monuments themselves, monuments, sculptural monuments, memorial structures etc.; works of fine, applied and folk art, all the endless variety of objects of the material world, which allow us to preserve the most complete understanding of the various aspects and features of people’s lives in past eras, documents, books, photographs, etc., that is, everything that constitutes Museum, Archive and National Book Funds.
The intangible heritage includes: languages, traditions, customs, dialects, folklore, traditional ways of life and ideas about the structure of the world of peoples, nationalities, and ethnic groups.
Secular moral values are defined: honesty, truthfulness, obedience to the law, love of the Motherland, selflessness, rejection of violence, theft, slander and envy, family values, chastity, kindness and mercy, faithfulness to one's word, reverence for elders, respect for honest work.
How can it come back to haunt an ordinary person? Cultural revolution in politics. With various unexpected consequences. But more on that later. We go out to celebrate the New Year, the mood softens. And the year was already filled with events - everything had not yet settled in my mind.
We'll talk about the upcoming holiday. From the history of the Civil War, we understand well the division into reds and whites. Probably, in the course of anti-sanctions measures, a new division will arise - into blue and red. There are more and more statements that it is time to end the creeping enemy ideological sabotage in the form of the imposition of Santa Claus.
What are we talking about? After his voyages across Europe, Peter the Great brought into Russia an analogue of Santa Claus - a good-natured Father Frost in a red fur coat and a red cap. His image originated from a very real character - St. Nicholas, or Nicholas the Wonderworker, who lived in the 4th century in Asia Minor.
In the 21st century, until 1998, the All-Union and then All-Russian Father Frost lived in Arkhangelsk. Thousands of letters from children addressed to Grandfather, in accordance with an agreement with the USSR Ministry of Communications, came to Arkhangelsk. In 1998, the mayor of Moscow Luzhkov and the governor of the Vologda region Pozgalev, through the effort of their political will (with the participation of 50 million dollars from the capital budget), settled the fabulous old man in Veliky Ustyug. The Russian Committee on Communications and Informatics officially recommended that letters to Santa Claus coming from all over the country be sent directly to the address: 162340, Russia, Vologda Region, Veliky Ustyug, the house of Santa Claus.
In 2001, Bishop Maximilian of Vologda and Veliky Ustyug said that the Russian Orthodox Church would support the project “Veliky Ustyug - the Homeland of Father Frost” only if Father Frost was baptized... I don’t know, he probably was.
In Ancient Rus' there was an all-powerful God of Winter, Frost. In literary terms - Morozko. According to the legends: Pozvizd, Zimnik, Studenets, Grandfather Treskun, Korochun. Not at all good-natured and giving gifts to children. A ferocious evil spirit that shortens life. The ancient deity of winter cold is cruel, commanding cold, death, connecting rod bears and hungry wolf packs. Collecting tribute from the villagers through his servants on carols.
And in general, the New Year's calculation was in March - with the arrival of spring. Then they moved it to autumn - the harvest was harvested, you can rest and prepare for winter.
The image of the modern, kind Grandfather Frost appeared thanks to Prince Vladimir Odoevsky, who published the fairy tale “Moroz Ivanovich” in 1840.
However, after the revolution, the magical character was persecuted. And only in 1935, after the publication in the Pravda newspaper of an article by Pavel Postyshev, a member of the Presidium of the USSR Central Executive Committee, with a proposal to organize a real New Year's holiday for children, Father Frost in the Soviet version returned under the Christmas trees decorated with toys. It was in Soviet times that Snegurochka, her icy granddaughter, became Grandfather’s constant companion.
The Snow Maiden appeared among the relatives of Father Frost in 1873 thanks to the fairy tale of the same name by A.N. Ostrovsky.
The fairy tale was practically unknown and became popular only after N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov wrote the opera The Snow Maiden, which was a huge success with the public.
What to call our and their grandfather is a secondary matter. The difference was significant. Our Father Frost is wearing a blue or white fur coat, a blue hat, felt boots, and always with the Snow Maiden.
You could say that what he's wearing in general is purple - it would be fun... That's how it is. However, I read online:
“...children will no longer confuse Father Frost with Santa Claus. Krasnoyarsk New Year's wizards signed a code of honor. From now on, they will abide by strict rules of behavior.
Almost 50 New Year's grandfathers gathered on November 6, 2012 at the regional editorial office of Komsomolskaya Pravda. On the eve of Santa Claus's official birthday, they signed a professional code of conduct.
So, the real Santa Claus is male, comes without delay and is always accompanied by the Snow Maiden. The New Year's wizard can find an individual approach to each child. At the same time, he is strictly forbidden to force children to stand on a stool to read poetry or sing songs.
As for appearance, the length of the storyteller’s beard cannot exceed 15 cm. Tattoos and rings are strictly prohibited. All Santa Clauses must dress according to their uniform - in a fur coat, and only blue or silver. There should be no pants visible from under the fur coat and no caps - only a hat.
A fairy-tale grandfather cannot drink with dad, mom, etc...”
In general, the beginning has been made for Russian courage. Soon the system of identifying “friend or foe” with a glass will begin: - are you for the red or blue Santa Claus? -Yeah, why is this guy in red, and even bewitching our Snow Maiden? -let’s take it to our chests and let’s beat the red ones until they turn blue...