Phosphate stones - causes and symptoms of the disease, how to treat and prevent. Phosphate stones Phosphates in the kidneys treatment

Let us further consider what nutrition consists of when phosphate stones are detected in the kidneys and their dissolution is possible using folk remedies. Typically, renal colic occurs when there are calculi (stones) in the kidneys. It is phosphate stones that are dangerous, as they can increase in size quite quickly.

Externally, these stones have a smooth surface, their edges are not sharp, and they are usually light in color. They are formed mainly from phosphoric acid, as well as from calcium salt. The rapid growth of phosphates leads to their transformation into quite large corals, which is dangerous for the patient’s health, as it can provoke complications.

In just 10 days, a phosphate stone can acquire quite large sizes. Usually, in medical institutions, stones are crushed, which is called lithotripsy.

Causes of phosphate stones

The development of phosphate stones can be provoked by infectious diseases, in addition, with an increased alkaline reaction of urine - phosphaturia, when crystallization of phosphate substances occurs and the formation of stones occurs. An inactive lifestyle can lead to their formation; unhealthy diet, as well as a lack of vitamins, also contribute to this, endocrine disorders and other conditions.

Phosphate stones can also form as a result of the abnormal structure of the genitourinary organs, which will increase the risk of phosphate crystallization. Typically, the symptoms in the presence of such stones will be as follows: aching in the lower back occurs, pain is registered, renal colic occurs, bloody discharge is noted in the urine, and an increase in temperature is possible.

The listed symptoms will indicate a clear impairment of kidney function. Accordingly, delaying a visit to the doctor can lead to complications. In this regard, it is important to undergo appropriate diagnostics and pass the necessary tests in a timely manner. It is easy to detect phosphate stones during an X-ray examination, as well as after an ultrasound examination.

Dissolving phosphate stones

If phosphate stones are present, they are dissolved; this is achieved by conservative therapy. In addition, it is important to relieve pain, as well as muscle spasms. Herbal medicines are prescribed. If phosphate stones are small in size, then they can be removed naturally, due to drinking load, when the patient is prescribed to drink plenty of fluids.

For the purpose of treating and dissolving stones, the following medications are used: Ceftriaxone, as well as Urolesan, the pharmaceutical drug Biseptol, in addition, the drug Canephron; antispasmodics, for example, No-shpu or Papaverine, are prescribed without fail.

Modern medical technologies make it possible to crush phosphates without surgery, using high-precision ultrasound, which affects the stone from the outside. It is very rare to resort to surgery; it is carried out only when the stones reach a sufficiently large size. The sooner the patient is correctly diagnosed and the necessary measures are taken, the greater the chance of effectively getting rid of phosphate stones.

Diet for phosphate stones

If a patient has phosphate stones, the diet requires the consumption of only foods that will acidify the urine and will not lead to the formation of calcium. The patient should not eat smoked meats, spicy foods, milk, or fruits.

It is recommended to eat fish dishes, pumpkin, honey, pasta, eat watermelons well, as well as meat and fish broths, and various cereals. Physical therapy is a fairly effective measure; with the help of some exercises, phosphate stones can be removed. In particular, it is recommended to do jumping, bending with a bend in the lower back, and it is also useful to run or take daily walks.

For diagnosed uncomplicated forms of phosphate formations, treatment can be carried out with decoctions and infusions; in this situation, herbal medicine is carried out quite often, while the patient takes various herbal infusions internally, for example, there is a special renal infusion in the pharmacy, which includes horsetail, mint herb, lingonberry leaves and other medicinal plants.

You can prepare your own herbal mixture, which will help dissolve the stones. To do this, you will need a tablespoon of dye madder, 2 tablespoons of dry wheatgrass and the same amount of sage, as well as 4 tablespoons of flax seed. All these ingredients are sold in any pharmacy in the herbal department.

All of the listed components are mixed together and poured boiling water in the amount of one liter. Then cook over low heat for about fifteen minutes and pour the prepared broth into a thermos for infusion. It is recommended to take one glass of this herbal medicine orally before meals. This infusion will accelerate the dissolution of phosphate stones and will facilitate their natural removal from the patient’s body.

Conclusion

It should be said that in the early stages, urolithiasis responds quite well to therapeutic measures if herbal medicine is correctly selected for the patient. To prevent the formation of phosphate stones, the patient needs to undergo a timely medical examination; in addition, it is advisable to maintain fluid intake and drink at least two liters of fluid per day.

Urolithiasis is considered a “disease of civilization”, since today this disease occurs quite often and mainly in developed countries. Knowing the structure of stones (and most often these are inorganic calcium compounds), you can correctly diagnose and carry out appropriate treatment. Oxalates are most often found in people, but phosphate stones hold an honorable second place. Knowing the symptoms of this disease, as well as the causes that lead to urolithiasis, is not everything. It is very important to remember that a diet for phosphate kidney stones will help alleviate the course of the disease and the body will quickly cope with the disease.

Signs of the disease

The first thought that arises with pain in the lumbar region is radiculitis. This incorrect diagnosis is the reason that people “trigger” another chronic disease - as a result of which stones form in the kidneys and genitourinary system. And the occurrence of pain is most often due to the fact that this formation mechanically irritates the mucous membrane of the kidney cavity and disrupts the outflow of urine from it.

The main symptoms of ICD are: acute (sometimes dull) pain in the lower back, which radiates to the groin and genitals; difficulty urinating, chills, nausea, vomiting, fever, failure to urinate, or blood in the urine.

Types of stones for urolithiasis

Urolithiasis is one of the most common diseases of the genitourinary system and kidneys. Most often it develops due to metabolic disorders in the body. Experts note that kidney stones are formed as a result of the loss of salts from the urine - in absolutely healthy people they exist in dissolved form, and in sick people they serve as building material. There are several versions that explain the formation of stones:

1. Fluid restriction. The less water a person absorbs, the less urine is produced.
2. Too salty food. The salt that comes with food supersaturates the urine, hence its intense secretion.
3. Irregular or poor nutrition.

Kidney stones are most often divided into: urates (formed from uric acid salts), oxalates (formed from oxalic acid salts) and phosphates (formed from phosphoric acid salts of uric acid). There are also combined formations - this is when all three acids are present in the composition. If one of these stones gets into the urinary tract, the person will experience severe pain - renal colic.

Phosphate stones

Phosphate kidney stones are not that rare. They contain calcium salts of phosphoric acid, as they are formed from an excess of calcium phosphate salts. Moreover, they have an absolutely smooth surface, and in very rare cases, a slightly rough surface. These stones can be of absolutely different shapes. What is noteworthy is that these stones have a very soft consistency. Most often, phosphates are white or light gray.

The most unpleasant thing is that phosphate stones grow very quickly, so in a fairly short period they can reach simply enormous sizes. But there is also a positive point here - it is precisely thanks to their alkaline composition that these stones are easily crushed.

Diet for kidney stones

First of all, a patient who has been diagnosed with kidney stones must avoid those foods that contribute to the formation of sediment and stones in the genitourinary system, and also increase fluid intake to three liters per day. It is advisable to drink about a glass of clean water every hour, and immediately before going to bed, double the dose of water - so that urination occurs even at night.

By the way, doctors advise that after each night hike “for minor needs” it is advisable to drink a glass of water - to replenish the supply of fluid in the body. In addition to water, you can drink mint or linden tea, as well as rosehip decoction.

Foods with phosphates

If the exchange of phosphorus and calcium is disturbed in the body and phosphates are formed, then the doctor prescribes diet 14 for such patients. According to the recommendations of nutritionists, these patients can eat those foods that can increase the acidity of urine - these are meat, eggs, fish, a variety of food products from cereals and flour. It is strictly forbidden to consume any vegetables, berries, fruits and dairy products. Although, in order to prevent the body from experiencing calcium deficiency, it is allowed to eat something dairy from time to time.

Patients diagnosed with “phosphate stones” must first of all take care of turning the alkaline reaction of urine into a more acidic one. For this purpose, a special diet was compiled, which includes 90 grams of proteins, 100 grams of fats and 380-400 grams of carbohydrates. You are allowed to consume no more than 12 grams of salt per day. The total energy value of products should not exceed 3000 kcal. Portions should be crushed - you need to eat 4-5 times a day, and try to drink a lot between meals. You should drink at least 2.5 liters of fluids per day.

Patients with phosphates can eat all types of bread, except baked goods (due to egg yolks and milk). If there are soups, then toni should be cooked in a very weak broth - meat, mushroom, fish. You can add cereals, legumes or pasta to the “first”. You can eat fish - even herring; the meat should be lean - chicken and mushrooms are best; the only vegetables you can eat are asparagus and green peas. If these are eggs, then you should not boil them hard. Tea, coffee, cocoa are possible, but only without milk.

It is necessary to exclude any greens, fruits and vegetables from the menu, and, if possible, completely limit the use of oils (both vegetable and butter) - in extreme cases, it is allowed to cook with them. During the diet, you must completely give up any fats: both meat and culinary fats, as well as foods that contain large amounts of calcium salts, as well as spices and spicy foods.

Sample menu for one day with phosphates

1. In the morning on an empty stomach: a glass of rosehip decoction
2. For first breakfast: herring (thoroughly soaked), buckwheat porridge, sweet tea
3. For second breakfast: wheat bran decoction
4. Lunch: noodle soup with chicken broth, fried chicken, boiled rice, jelly
5. Dinner: egg white omelette, fried fish, green peas, sweet tea
6. Before bed: a glass of rose hip decoction.

It is worth noting that per day you are allowed to eat no more than 300 grams of bread of any kind, no more than 40 grams of sugar, and no more than 15 grams of butter. Watch also video tips - what you need to do to be healthy:

What else is possible and necessary with phosphates

All over the world, there is a practice for kidney stones to prescribe mineral water. For phosphate stones, water is needed that promotes the oxidation of urine - for example, “Naftusya”, “Dolomite Narzan” or “Arzni”.

If we take complex treatment of formations in the kidneys, then doctors often advise the use of medicinal plants. Herbs such as lingonberry, valerian, St. John's wort, wild strawberry, centaury, corn silk, white birch leaves, lingonberry leaves, bearberry leaves, mint, parsley, rose hips, wormwood, common knotweed, common yarrow, have proven themselves well in this regard. horsetail.

The following recipes can be used directly for phosphates:

• Take a certain amount of tricolor violet and horsetail, a little St. John's wort, dandelion and laxative joster. Mix. Pour a tablespoon of the mixture into a glass, pour boiling water, brew, and let it brew. Drink a glass three times a day after meals.
• Take some shepherd's purse, field steelweed, and common heather. Mix. Pour a tablespoon of the mixture into a glass, pour boiling water, brew and let it brew. Drink a tablespoon three to four times a day after meals.

It occupies one of the first places in terms of prevalence and frequency among urological diseases in the population of all age groups. The main symptom of urolithiasis is the formation of sand and sand in the kidneys, which differ in their composition, structure and method of formation. Among the most famous are phosphate stones. But it is the latter that are capable of growing to enormous sizes or transforming into coral stones. In this case, the patient may not even be aware of their existence until a certain moment, when his condition will require the use of radical therapeutic and diagnostic measures.

Causes

Urolithiasis never develops spontaneously. The formation of any stones is always facilitated by subjective factors of the human body. Likewise, the appearance of phosphate stones () has certain (general and internal) reasons, the main of which are:

Among all patients diagnosed with urolithiasis, women make up the predominant percentage due to the phosphate nature of these stones (features are described in detail at the link).

Peculiarities

Of all types of kidney stones, phosphate stones are the most pronounced and visible during routine x-ray or ultrasound examination. This fact is explained by the calcium-salt and phosphoric acid composition of the stones. But the main feature of phosphate stones is their ability to quickly grow and transform into coral-like deposits, which pose a serious threat to human health. In addition, a fairly common companion of phosphates is an infection accompanying urolithiasis, followed by.

It is worth noting that, unlike, for example, urate stones, phosphate stones are always smooth and porous in structure, therefore they do not cause mechanical injury to the organ mucosa and do not cause.

Large, sometimes gigantic, sizes of phosphates, filling the entire free cavity of the kidney, often force one to resort to surgical methods to solve the “stone” problem. With moderate stones, conservative treatment methods can be used. Since the nature of origin of phosphate stones is alkaline, their consistency is quite fragile and can be easily crushed or by changing the acidity level of urine.

Treatment

Depending on the degree of complexity of the situation with phosphate urolithiasis, conservative or is used.

Conservative therapy consists of:

• eliminating inflammation (“Furazolidone”);
• the use of antispasmodics (papaverine, urolesan, cystenal, platiphylline), which promote pain relief and the release of sand;
• vitamin therapy (pentovit, neurobex);
• use of magnesium-containing drugs;
• changes in urine acidity with medications;
• prescribing diuretic herbal or medicinal drugs - urolesan, canephron, kidney collection, nephrophyte, bearberry and others;
• carrying out antimicrobial and antibacterial therapy;
• drinking mineral water - Narzan, Smirnovskaya;
• prescribing plenty of fluids to expel small stones;
• certain physical activities - running, walking, jumping;
• therapeutic diet.

Surgical treatment is resorted to only if conservative therapy is ineffective. In urolithiasis surgery, two principles of stone removal are used:

• traumatic - open kidney surgery;
• non-traumatic - using endoscopic technology.

Methods for removing stones are described in detail in. The choice of an appropriate treatment method for phosphate urolithiasis is always determined solely by the attending physician.

Diet

Proper nutrition during treatment and removal of phosphate stones contributes to half the success of the entire therapy. It significantly improves not only clinical indicators, but also the general condition of the body. The appearance of phosphate stones requires constant (lifelong) correction of nutritional principles and strict adherence to a special diet, which will help stop the growth of existing stones and prevent the appearance of new ones. If treatment is carried out in a hospital setting, the doctor prescribes diet No. 14 to the patient.

Permitted for use:

• meat;
• fish;
• low-fat broths;
• porridge cooked in water;
• oil (vegetable and butter);
• pasta;
• mushrooms;
• caviar;
• cereals;
• all types of bread, except baked goods;
• tea, cocoa, coffee, but without milk;
• legumes;
• eggs in moderation;
• pumpkin;
• sour apples;
• watermelons;
• rosehip decoction;
• berry fruit drinks and juices;
• limited - sour cream, fresh vegetables, fruits, nuts, marinades and preserves, sweets.

Prohibited for use:

• greenery;
• vegetables;
• sour fruits;
• fatty sweets;
• sauces, ketchups;
• milk;
• canned and smoked foods;
• porridges cooked with milk;
• vegetable soups and borscht;
• eggs;
• seasonings;
• spicy food;
• concentrated broths;
• strong tea, coffee;
• alcohol.

With a competent approach to your own diet, you can completely regulate the ionic acid balance in the body, thereby preventing the development of urolithiasis.

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Phosphate kidney stones are stones composed of calcium salt of phosphoric acid. They grow in size very quickly, but at the same time they rarely cause severe pain, due to their ideal smooth surface. The stones are painted white or light gray. They can be easily identified during an X-ray or ultrasound examination of the patient’s genitourinary system. After confirming the diagnosis, the doctor prescribes treatment and creates an individual diet.

Reasons for formation

The main reasons for the formation and growth of phosphate stones in the kidneys are:

1. Alkaline reaction of urine caused by the peculiarities of the diet. Phosphates begin to form at pH levels above 7.
2. Presence of infection in the urinary tract.
3. Phosphaturia, in which phosphates very easily turn into crystals. The ratio of calcium and phosphorus in the body is significantly influenced by the following diet and the activity of the parathyroid glands.

To a lesser extent, the development of this type of stones is influenced by:

• lack of vitamins A and D;
• slow formation of urine with a high concentration of salts in it;
• hypercalciuria;
• drinking large quantities of strong tea and coffee, cocoa, chocolate;
• sedentary lifestyle;
• metabolic disease.

Attention! You can determine the urine reaction at home using special indicators in the form of strips. To do this, the urine acidity level is measured twice a week in the morning and evening, either one hour before meals or two hours after meals.

The normal pH level in the morning is 6-6.4 units, and in the evening – 6.4-7 units. If your indicators deviate from the norm to a lesser extent, then the urine reaction is acidic, and if to a greater extent, then it is alkaline.

Treatment

Phosphate kidney stones are eliminated using a comprehensive method. If a patient has infectious diseases of the genitourinary system, treatment includes anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antibacterial therapy. The patient is prescribed sulfonamide and antibacterial drugs. At the same time, the doctor recommends taking herbal teas and medicines that dissolve stone formations (phytolysin, urolesan, bearberry, knotweed, kidney tea). If the patient has developed pain syndrome, then treatment also involves taking antispasmodics in the form of papaverine or no-shpa.

The complex, along with drug therapy and traditional medicine, includes: physical therapy and special diet. With their help, the dissolution of phosphate stones is enhanced. Complex treatment promotes the rapid and painless removal of kidney stones. However, if the dissolution of stones occurs slowly, then they are broken down using the shock wave method - lithotripsy. In advanced cases, treatment involves surgery to remove solid formations.

Diet

For patients with phosphate stones in the kidneys, a special diet has been developed that helps stop the growth of formations and even reduce them. Patients need to exclude from their diet foods that cause alkaline urine. These include:

• Eggs;
• Mushrooms;
• Sour cream;
• Milk, dairy and fermented milk products;
• Herbs and spices;
• Smoked meats;
• Greenery;
• Canned food from the store (due to the large number of food additives in them).

Dairy products not only increase the amount of alkalinity in the urine, but also contain a lot of calcium. This also contributes to the growth of stones that contain this element. Therefore, you should exclude almonds, cheeses, poppy seeds, and sesame seeds from your diet. These are the leading products in calcium content.

Urolithiasis is a pathological condition characterized by the formation of calculi (stones) in the renal pelvis/calyces. Stones can form of different types - urate, oxalate, phosphate. Of these, phosphate ones receive the closest attention from doctors - it is this type of stones that is characterized by rapid growth (they quickly increase in size).

Phosphate stones - what are they?

Phosphate stones are white or gray formations that have a porous structure, often transform into coral-shaped formations and pose a danger to human health (in some cases, life). The composition of the type of kidney stones in question includes calcium salts of phosphoric acid - they are quite easy to detect during ultrasound examination of the kidneys and differentiate from other stones.

Phosphate stones have one distinctive feature - they contain absolutely all the salts that make up urine. Often, when examining such stones, microliths of the urate and/or oxalate type are discovered.

Reasons for education

If we talk about the specific reason that provokes the formation of stones in the kidneys, then this is a violation of metabolic processes, which is accompanied by an increased content of salts in the urine, their precipitation and subsequent crystallization.

But there are a lot of provoking factors that lead to the formation of phosphate stones in the kidneys:

• excess weight (obesity) coupled with physical inactivity (sedentary lifestyle);
• insufficient intake of vitamins A and D into the body;
• chronic infection of bacterial etiology, localized in the kidneys;
• long-term use of hormonal medications - for example, for contraception;
• forced immobilization of a person (immobilization), which can occur after a serious injury;
• problems in the functioning of the blood vessels of the kidneys (impaired blood flow);
• pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, accompanied by calcium metabolism disorders;
• congenital/acquired pathologies of the kidneys and urinary system, accompanied by impaired urine outflow.

Most often, phosphate stones form after an infectious disease localized in the urinary system.

Many bacteria (causative agents of infectious processes) contribute to the breakdown of urea, resulting in the formation of ammonium and bicarbonate. This often occurs under the influence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella and Escherichia coli. The result of this development of events is a significant increase in the concentration of ammonium, phosphates, calcium and magnesium in the urine, which precipitate and then form into crystals.

Peculiarities

The type of kidney stones in question has a smooth surface. On the one hand, this is good - as long as the phosphate stones have not transformed into coral-shaped stones, there is no chance of injury to the inner walls of the renal pelvis and calyces. On the other hand, the smooth surface of phosphate stones makes the clinical picture of urolithiasis blurry, which makes timely diagnosis difficult.

It is impossible to accurately indicate the size of phosphate stones, because they are characterized by rapid growth - within a few months, a calculus that is millimeter in diameter reaches a size of one to one and a half centimeters.

Photo of phosphate kidney stones

Symptoms

The clinical picture for the condition in question is identical to that which is considered a classic manifestation of urolithiasis:

• periodically arising nagging pain in the lumbar region, lower abdomen with irradiation to the groin;
• disturbance of urination - urinary retention, incomplete emptying of the bladder, frequent urge to go to the toilet;
• slight increase in body temperature.

The patient may notice the turbidity of the urine, a change in its color (it becomes darker), the presence of blood “fibers” in the urine - as a rule, these signs indicate that the stone has begun to move along the ureter.

Diagnostics

To diagnose phosphate stones, standard procedures are used - general urine/blood analysis, biochemical blood/urine examination, ultrasound and/or x-ray examination.

The diagnosis of urolithiasis with the formation of phosphate stones is made when the following results are obtained:

• clinical urine analysis shows a steady increase in pH levels - above 7.0;
• laboratory tests reveal an increased amount - evidence of a bacterial infection;
• biochemical analysis demonstrates an increase in the concentration of phosphorus and magnesium in the blood.

The main test for diagnosing phosphate stones is an ultrasound or x-ray examination of the patient. Doctors prefer ultrasound examination, since even in this case it is possible to see phosphate stones and determine their number and size.

Treatment

The type of kidney stones in question lends itself well to dissolution procedures, so doctors, when diagnosing the problem under consideration, give preference to therapeutic methods. Patients are required to be prescribed antibacterial therapy - the presence of phosphate stones is almost always accompanied by the presence of an inflammatory process.

Drug therapy

Doctors prescribe a course of antibacterial therapy - cephalosporin antibiotics perfectly relieve inflammation and stop the progression of the inflammatory process in the kidneys. At the same time, the patient should take antispasmodic medications, which help relax the smooth muscles and dilate the ureters - it will be easier for small stones to pass out.

Patients diagnosed with urolithiasis should receive vitamins - this will support the body, strengthen the immune system and quickly get rid of the inflammatory process. In some cases (for example, if the patient, in addition to phosphate stones, has other somatic diseases), it is advisable to prescribe immunomodulators.

Diet

This is a very important point - with the help of a well-chosen diet, you can significantly improve the patient’s health and ensure the passage of phosphate stones from the kidneys. In principle, the diet is compiled according to the classical model, which is adopted for the treatment of all types of urolithiasis. The patient should avoid alcohol, strong tea/coffee, spicy/salty/pickled foods, and fermented milk products from the menu. The diet for phosphate stones in the kidneys must include vegetables and fruits, cereals, and baked goods made from rye flour.

Another important point: phosphate stones are highly dissolving, so a patient with a similar diagnosis is often prescribed a special drinking regime in order to remove them. The patient should drink at least two liters of Narzan, Naftusya or Smirnovskaya mineral water; kvass can and should be consumed.

Diet for phosphate kidney stones

Shock wave therapy

If medications and diet/drinking regimen do not produce positive results, then doctors may prescribe shock wave therapy. Thanks to it, it is possible to crush phosphate stones, and by introducing antispasmodics, it is possible to accelerate the removal of remnants of stones and sand from the kidneys.

Please note: if a person is diagnosed with phosphate stones that have transformed into coral stones, then shock wave therapy is not prescribed to dissolve them. This is due to the high risk of injury to kidney tissue and the walls of the ureters/bladder/urethra during the release of sharp fragments.

Surgical intervention

Surgery to remove phosphate stones is extremely rare. Typically, indications for this are too large the size of phosphate stones, their coral-shaped shape, and severe infectious processes in the kidneys.

Modern medicine offers a minimally invasive method of destroying phosphate stones, which implies a minimal risk of developing postoperative complications.

The patient recovers fairly quickly, but he will have to follow a diet and drinking regimen for a long time, periodically undergo preventive examinations and undergo full treatment of infectious pathologies.

ethnoscience

Doctors are quite wary of prescriptions from the “traditional medicine” category. In any case, before starting such treatment, you should obtain permission from your doctor so as not to harm yourself.

Treatment with folk remedies involves the use of healing decoctions for phosphate kidney stones, which ensure their dissolution:

1. Mix juniper berries, madder herbs and hernia herbs in equal proportions, take 3 tablespoons of the resulting mixture, pour 300 ml of boiling water and boil in a water bath for 15 minutes. The cooled broth is consumed before each meal, 3 tablespoons for a month.
2. Sage leaves, madder herb and plantain leaves are mixed in equal quantities, then 4 tablespoons of this mixture are poured into a liter of boiling water and infused in a thermos for 10 hours. Drink 1 glass of the product an hour before meals; honey is added to improve the taste of the decoction.

Preventing the formation of phosphate stones

The formation of phosphate stones can be prevented only by following a diet and diet, maintaining an active lifestyle and timely treatment of infectious/inflammatory diseases of the urinary system.