Diagnosing the style of parental relationships. Everything about studying parent-child relationships using the pari technique Processing and interpreting the study results

26.04.2024 -

The authors of the PARI (parental attitude research instrument) questionnaire are E. Schaefer and K. Bell. The initial testing of the methodology on a Russian-speaking sample was carried out by candidate of psychological sciences T.V. Neshcheret in 1980. Subsequently, work on testing and adapting the methodology to the conditions of Russian-speaking culture was carried out by T. V. Arkhireeva (Arkhireeva T. V., 2002).
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The questionnaire “Measuring Parental Attitudes and Reactions” is intended to study the attitude of parents (primarily mothers) towards children in general, as well as towards various aspects of family life (family role). The technique allows you to assess the specifics of intrafamily relationships and the peculiarities of the organization of family life.
Description of the technique
The questionnaire “Measuring Parental Attitudes and Reactions” consists of 115 judgments relating to family life and raising children. The methodology includes 23 scales (signs) relating to various aspects of the parents’ attitude towards the child and life in the family. Each scale includes 5 statements, which are arranged in a certain sequence: judgments belonging to the same scale are repeated every 23 points. For example, scale No. 1 “Verbalization” (giving the child the opportunity to speak) includes statements with the following numbers: 1, 24, 47, 70, 93, etc. (see form). The respondent must express his attitude towards them in the form of complete or partial agreement or disagreement.
Scales (signs) of the questionnaire

3. Dependence on the family (limiting the mother to the role of mistress of the house).
4. Suppression of the child's will.
5. “Sacrifice” of parents.
6. Fear of offending (fear of harming the child).
7. Marital conflicts.
8. Strictness of parents.

11. Superauthority of parents (encouraging the child’s dependence on parents).
12. Suppressing the child’s aggressiveness.

16. Avoidance of conflict (avoidance of communication with the child).
17. Indifference of the husband (inattentiveness of the husband to his wife).
18. Suppression of a child’s sexuality.
19. Mother's dominance.

22. The desire to accelerate the development of the child.
23. Lack of independence of the mother (the need for outside help in raising the child).
Thus, 8 trait scales describe attitudes towards the family role, 115 relate to child-parent relationships, divided into 3 groups:
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(1) optimal emotional contact, (2) excessive emotional distance with the child, (3) excessive concentration on the child.
1. Attitude to the family role is described using 8 signs (their numbers in the questionnaire are 3, 5, 7, 11, 13,17, 19, 23): dependence on the family (limiting the mother to the role of mistress of the house); “sacrifice” of parents; marital conflicts; super-authority of parents (encouraging the child’s dependence on parents); dissatisfaction with the role of the housewife (“martyrdom” of parents); husband's indifference (husband's inattention to his wife); mother's dominance; lack of independence of the mother (the need for outside help in raising the child).
2. Parents' attitude towards the child:
? optimal emotional contact is determined in accordance with the severity of 4 signs (their numbers on the questionnaire are 1, 14,15, 21): verbalization (giving the child the opportunity to speak); partnerships (equality between parents and child); encouraging child activity; companionship between parents and children;
? excessive emotional distance with a child includes 3 signs (their numbers on the questionnaire are 8, 9, 16): parents’ strictness; irritability of parents; avoidance of conflict (avoidance of communication with the child);
? excessive concentration on the child is described by 8 signs (their numbers on the questionnaire are 2, 4, 6, 10, 12, 18, 20, 22): excessive care (protecting the child from difficulties); suppression of the child's will; fear of offending (fear of harming the child); exclusion of extra-family influences (child’s dependence on mother); suppressing the child’s aggressiveness; suppression of the child's sexuality; parental intrusiveness, interference in the child’s world; desire to accelerate the development of the child.
To evaluate the statements of the questionnaire, parents are provided with a special form. The answer form is designed in such a way that the points of each scale of the questionnaire are on one line, for example: the line of the form includes numbers 1, 24, 47, 70, 93, which are points of the first scale of the questionnaire “Verbalization (giving the child the opportunity to speak out).”
Instructions: “Read the statements given below and rate each one as follows:
A - if you completely agree with this provision;
a - if you rather agree with this provision than disagree;
b - if you rather disagree with this provision than agree;
B - if you completely disagree with this provision.
There are no right or wrong answers here. You answer according to your opinion. It is very important that you answer all questions. Many of the statements will appear similar, but they are all necessary to capture subtle differences in views on parenting.
Don’t think about your answer for a long time, answer quickly, try to give the first answer that comes to your mind.”
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Questionnaire text
1. If children consider their views to be correct, they may not agree with the views of their parents.
2. A good mother should protect her children even from small difficulties and insults.
3. For a good mother, home and family are the most important things in life.
4. Some children are so bad that for their own good they need to be taught to fear adults.
5. Children should be aware that their parents do a lot for them.
6. A small child should always be held firmly while washing to prevent him from falling.
7. People who think that there can be no misunderstandings in a good family do not know life.
8. When a child grows up, he will thank his parents for their strict upbringing.
9. Staying with a child all day can lead to nervous exhaustion.
10. It is better if the child does not think about whether his parents’ views are correct.
11. Parents must instill in their children complete confidence in themselves.
12. A child should be taught to avoid fighting, regardless of the circumstances.
13. The worst thing for a mother who does housework is the feeling that it is not easy for her to free herself from her responsibilities.
14. It is easier for parents to adapt to their children than vice versa.
15. A child must learn many necessary things in life, and therefore he should not be allowed to waste valuable time.
16. If you agree once that a child is being sarcastic, he will do it all the time.
17. If fathers did not interfere in raising children, mothers would cope better with their children.
18. There is no need to talk about gender issues in the presence of a child.
19. If the mother did not manage the house, husband and children, everything would happen less organized.
20. A mother should do everything to know what her children are thinking about.
21. If parents were more interested in the affairs of their children, the children would be better and happier.
22. Most children should be able to independently cope with physiological needs from the age of 15 months.
23. The most difficult thing for a young mother is to remain alone in the first years of raising a child.
24. We must encourage children to express their opinions about life in the family, even if they believe that life in the family is wrong.
25. A mother should do everything to protect her child from the disappointments that life brings.
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26. Women who lead a carefree life are not very good mothers.
27. It is imperative to eradicate manifestations of nascent malice in children.
28. A mother must sacrifice her happiness for the happiness of her child.
29. All young mothers are afraid of their inexperience in handling a child.
30. Spouses should argue from time to time to prove their rights.
31. Strict discipline towards a child develops strong character in him.
32. Mothers are often so tormented by the presence of their children that it seems to them that they cannot be with them for a minute more.
33. Parents should not appear in a bad light to their children.
34. A child should respect his parents more than others.
35. A child should always seek help from parents or teachers instead of settling their misunderstandings by fighting.
36. Constantly staying with children convinces the mother that her educational capabilities are less than her skills and abilities (she could, but...).
37. Parents must win the favor of their children through their actions.
38. Children who do not try their hand at achieving success should know that later in life they may encounter failures.
39. Parents who talk with a child about his problems should know that it is better to leave the child alone and not get involved in his affairs.
40. Husbands, if they do not want to be selfish, should take part in family life.
41. Girls and boys should not be allowed to see each other naked.
42. If the wife is sufficiently prepared to solve problems independently, then this is better for both the children and the husband.
43. A child should not have secrets from his parents.
44. If it is your custom that children tell you jokes, and you tell them, then many issues can be resolved calmly and without conflicts.
45. If you teach a child to walk early, this has a beneficial effect on his development.
46. It is not good when a mother alone overcomes all the difficulties associated with caring for and raising a child.
47. A child should have his own views and the opportunity to express them freely.
48. We must protect the child from hard work.
49. A woman must choose between housework and entertainment.
50. A smart father should teach his child to respect his superiors.
51. Very few women receive gratitude from their children for the work spent on raising them.
52. If a child is in trouble, in any case the mother always feels
guilty.
53. Young spouses, despite the strength of their feelings, always have disagreements that cause irritation.
54. Children who are taught respect for norms of behavior become good, stable and respected people.
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55. It rarely happens that a mother who spends all day with her child manages to be affectionate and calm.
56. Children should not learn outside the home anything that contradicts the views of their parents.
57. Children should know that there are no wiser people than their parents.
58. There is no excuse for a child who hits another child.
59. Young mothers suffer more from their confinement at home than from any other reason.
60. Forcing children to refuse and adapt is a bad method of education.
61. Parents should teach their children to find something to do and not waste free time.
62. Children torment their parents with minor problems if they get used to it from the very beginning.
63. When a mother poorly fulfills her responsibilities towards her children, this probably means that the father does not fulfill his responsibilities to support the family.
64. Children's games with sexual content can lead children to sexual crimes.
65. Only the mother should plan, since only she knows how to run a household. ,
66. An attentive mother should know what her child is thinking about.
67. Parents who listen with approval to their children's frank statements about their experiences on dates, social gatherings, dances, etc., help them in faster social development.
68. The faster the connection between children and family weakens, the faster children will learn to resolve their problems.
69. A smart mother does everything possible to ensure that the child is in good conditions before and after birth.
70. Children should take part in solving important family issues.
71. Parents should know what to do to prevent their children from getting into difficult situations.
72. Too many women forget that their proper place is home.
73. Children need maternal care, which they sometimes lack.
74. Children should be more caring and grateful to their mother for the work invested in them.
75. Most mothers are afraid to torture their child by giving him small tasks.
76. There are many issues in family life that cannot be resolved through calm discussion.
77. Most children should be brought up more strictly than is actually the case.
78. Raising children is hard, nervous work.
79. Children should not doubt the way their parents think.
80. Children should respect their parents more than anyone else.
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81. Children should not be encouraged to engage in boxing and wrestling, as this can lead to serious body disorders and other problems.
82. One of the bad things is that the mother, as a rule, does not have free time for her favorite activities.
83. Parents should consider their children equal to themselves in all matters of life.
84. When a child does what he is obliged to do, he is on the right path and will be happy.
85. We must leave a child who is sad alone and not deal with him.
86. The greatest desire of any mother is to be understood by her husband.
87. One of the most difficult moments in raising children is sexual problems.
88. If the mother runs the house and takes care of everything, the whole family feels good.
89. Since the child is part of the mother, she has the right to know everything about his life.
90. Children who are allowed to joke and laugh with their parents are more likely to accept their advice.
91. Parents should make every effort to teach their child to cope with physiological needs as early as possible.
92. Most women need more time to rest after giving birth than they are actually given.
93. A child should have confidence that he will not be punished if he trusts his parents with his problems.
94. A child does not need to be taught hard work at home so that he does not lose the desire for any work.
95. For a good mother, communication with her own family is enough.
96. Sometimes parents are forced to act against the will of the child.
97. Mothers sacrifice everything for the good of their children.
98. The most important concern of a mother is the well-being and safety of the child.
99. It is natural that two people with opposing views in a marriage quarrel.
100. Raising children with strict discipline makes them happier.
101. Naturally, a mother “goes crazy” if her children are selfish and very demanding.
102. A child should never listen to criticism about his parents.
103. The first duty of children is trust in their parents.
104. Parents, as a rule, prefer calm children to brawlers.
105. A young mother feels unhappy because she knows that many things she would like to have are not available to her.
106. There is no reason why parents should have more rights and privileges than children.
107. The sooner a child understands that there is no point in wasting time, the better for him.
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108. Children do everything possible to interest their parents in their problems.
109. Few men understand that the mother of their child also needs joy in life.
110. There is something wrong with a child if he asks a lot about sexual matters.
111. When getting married, a woman must be aware that she will be forced to manage family affairs.
112. It is the mother’s duty to know the secret thoughts of the child.
113. If you include a child in household chores, he becomes more connected with his parents and more easily trusts them with his problems.
114. It is necessary to stop breastfeeding and bottle-feeding the child as early as possible (teach the child to feed “independently”).
115. You cannot demand too much responsibility from a mother towards her children.
Form
FULL NAME. _
Age.
"Education
Experience in family life ____
Number and age of children

№	Options	№	Options	№	Options	№	Options	№	Options
1	AabB	24	AabB	47	AabB	70	AabB	93	AabB
2	AabB	25	AabB	48	AabB	71	AabB	94	AabB
3	AabB	26	AabB	49	AabB	72	AabB	95	AabB
4	AabB	27	AabB	50	AabB	73	AabB	96	AabB
5	AabB	28	AabB	51	AabB	74	AabB	97	AabB
6	AabB	29	AabB	52	AabB	75	AabB	98	AabB
7	AabB	30	AabB	53	AabB	76	AabB	99	AabB
8	AabB	31	AabB	54	AabB	77	AabB	100	AabB
9	AabB	32	AabB	55	AabB	78	AabB	101	AabB
10	AabB	33	AabB	56	AabB	79	AabB	102	AabB
11	AabB	34	AabB	57	AabB	80	AabB	103	AabB
12	AabB	35	AabB	58	AabB	81	AabB	104	AabB
13	AabB	36	AabB	59	AabB	82	AabB	105	AabB
14	AabB	37	AabB	60	AabB	83	AabB	106	AabB
15	AabB	38	AabB	61	AabB	84	AabB	107	AabB
16	AabB	39	AabB	62	AabB	85	AabB	108	AabB
17	AabB	40	AabB	63	AabB	86	AabB	109	AabB
18	AabB	41	AabB	64	AabB	87	AabB	110	AabB
19	AabB	42	AabB	65	AabB	88	AabB	111	AabB
20	AabB	43	AabB	66	AabB	89	AabB	112	AabB
21	AabB	44	AabB	67	AabB	90	AabB	113	AabB
22	AabB	45	AabB	68	AabB	91	AabB	114	AabB
23	AabB	46	AabB	69	AabB	92	AabB	115	AabB

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Processing and interpretation of results
After parents answer the test questions, the total number of points for each scale (attribute) should be calculated. Subjects' responses are scored as follows:
? answer “A” - 4 points;
? answer “a” - 3 points; D answer “b” - 2 points;
? answer “B” - 1 point.
The resulting amount determines the severity of the trait. The maximum value for each of the characteristics is 20 points, the minimum is 5.
The next step is to assess the severity of signs of parenting. To do this, it is necessary to compare the score obtained on each scale with the test norms presented in Tables 13 and 14. The test norms are given in the wall scores. If the raw score on this scale falls into 1, 2 or 3 walls, then this indicates a low severity of the trait, if it is 4, 5, 6, 7, this indicates a moderate severity of this trait in the process of education. A score that falls within the 8th, 9th or 10th walls reflects the high severity of the trait.
Based on the assessments obtained, the predominant type of parental education is determined (Arkhireeva T.V., 2002).
Thus, we can talk about the severity of this type of parenting as overprotection if parents receive predominantly high scores on the following scales:
2. Excessive care (protecting the child from difficulties).
10. Elimination of extra-family influences (child’s dependence on mother).
12. Suppressing the child’s aggressiveness. 18. Suppression of a child’s sexuality.
20. Intrusiveness of parents, interference in the child’s world.
Parents are more inclined to raise their children democratically if they score predominantly high or average on the following scales:
1. Verbalization (giving the child the opportunity to speak).
14. Partnership relations (equality between parents and child).
15. Encouraging child activity.
21. Companionship between parents and children.
The parents' tendency to be authoritarian in their upbringing can be reflected in predominantly high scores on the scales: 4. Suppression of the child's will.
7. Marital conflicts.
8. Strictness of parents.
9. Parental irritability
13. Dissatisfaction with the role of the housewife (“martyrdom” of parents).
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Also of great interest is a block of scales aimed at identifying parents’ attitudes towards the family role. It can be divided into groups that characterize individual aspects of the relationship:
O household, organization of family life (scales 3, 13, 19, 23);
? marital, related to moral, emotional support, organization of leisure, creation of an environment for personal development, one’s own and that of a partner (scale 7, 17);
? relationships that ensure the upbringing of children are “pedagogical” (in the scale methodology 5, 11).
High scores on scale 3 indicate the priority of family and family lifestyle. The opposite can be said about scale 13: individuals with high scores on this scale are characterized by dependence on the family and low consistency in the distribution of roles and responsibilities. A low level of family integration is evidenced by high scores on scales 17,19, 23.
Despite the fact that parent-child relationships are the main subject of analysis in this methodology, analysis of the results on the scales of the “Attitude to Family Role” block contributes to a more accurate understanding by the psychologist of the specifics of family relationships.
Table 13 Test norms of the PARI questionnaire (mothers)
Sample - 169 people

	Stan scores
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
1	5-12	13	14	15-16	17	18	19	20	20	20
2	5	6-7	8	9-10	11-12	13-14	15-16	17-18	19	20
3	5-8	9	10	11-12	13-14	15-16	17-18	19	20	20
4	5-10	11	12	13	14	15-16	17	18-19	20	20
b	5-9	10-11	12	13-14	15	16-17	18	19	20	20
b	5-10	11	12-13	14	15-16	17	18	19	20	20
7	5-9	10-11	12	13-14	15	16-17	18	19	20	20
8	5-6	7	8-9	10-11	12-13	14-15	16-17	18-19	20	20
U	5-7	8	9	10	11-12	13-14	15	16	17-19	20
10	5-10	11	12	13-14	15	16-17	18	19	20	20
11	5-8	9	10	11-12	13	14-15	16-17	18	19	20
12	5-7	8-9	10-11	12-13	14	15-16	17-18	19	20	20
13	5-6	7	8-9	10	11	12-13	14-15	16	17-18	19-20
14	5-10	11	12	13-14	14	16	17	18	19	20
1b	5-11	12-13	14-15	16	17	18	19	20	20	20
16	5-7	8-9	10-11	12	13	14-15	16-17	18	19	20
1/	5-10	11-12	13	14-15	16-17	18	19	20	20	20
18	5-9	10	11	12-13	14-15	16-17	18-19	20	20	20
19	5-7	8	9-10	11	12	13-14	15-16	17-18	20	20
20	5-7	8-11	12-13	14	15-16	17-18	19	20	20	20
21	5-15	16	17	18	19	19	20	20	20	20
22	5-10	11	3	13-14	15	16-17	18	19	20	20
23	5-10	11	12	13-14	15-16	17	18	19	20	20

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Table 14
Test norms of the PARI questionnaire (fathers)
Sample - 94 people

Stan scores

5-11

12-13

15-16

5-7

11-12

13-14

15-16

17-18

19-20

5-8

9-10

11-12

14-15

17-18

5-9

11-12

15-16

5-11

15-16

18-19

19-19

5-10

11-12

15-16

5-9

11-12

14-15

18-19

5-6

7-8

9-10

12-13

14-16

18-19

5-7

9-10

12-13

14-15

5-10

11-12

18-19

5-8

11-12

13-14

15-16

18-19

5-8

12-14

15-16

19-20

5-7

10-11

13-14

14-16

17-18

The questionnaire “Measuring Parental Attitudes and Reactions” is intended to study the attitude of parents (primarily mothers) towards children in general, as well as towards various aspects of family life (family role). The technique allows you to assess the specifics of intrafamily relationships and the peculiarities of the organization of family life.

Description of the technique

The questionnaire “Measuring Parental Attitudes and Reactions” consists of 115 judgments relating to family life and raising children. The methodology includes 23 scales (signs) relating to various aspects of the parents’ attitude towards the child and life in the family. Each scale includes 5 statements, which are arranged in a certain sequence: judgments belonging to the same scale are repeated every 23 points. For example, scale No. 1 “Verbalization” (giving the child the opportunity to speak) includes statements with the following numbers: 1, 24, 47, 70, 93, etc. (see form). The respondent must express his attitude towards them in the form of complete or partial agreement or disagreement.

Scales (signs) of the questionnaire

1. Verbalization (giving the child the opportunity to speak).

2. Excessive care (protecting the child from difficulties).

3. Dependence on the family (limiting the mother to the role of mistress of the house).

4. Suppression of the child's will.

5. “Sacrifice” of parents.

6. Fear of offending (fear of harming the child).

7. Marital conflicts.

8. Strictness of parents.

9. Parental irritability

10. Elimination of extra-family influences (child’s dependence on mother).

12. Suppressing the child’s aggressiveness.

13. Dissatisfaction with the role of the housewife (“martyrdom” of parents).

14. Partnership relations (equality between parents and child).

15. Encouraging child activity.

16. Avoidance of conflict (avoidance of communication with the child).

17. Indifference of the husband (inattentiveness of the husband to his wife).

18. Suppression of a child’s sexuality.

19. Mother's dominance.

20. Intrusiveness of parents, interference in the child’s world.

21. Companionship between parents and children.

22. The desire to accelerate the development of the child.

23. Lack of independence of the mother (the need for outside help in raising the child).

Thus, 8 trait scales describe attitudes towards the family role, 115 relate to child-parent relationships, divided into 3 groups:

(1) optimal emotional contact, (2) excessive emotional distance with the child, (3) excessive concentration on the child.

1. Attitude to family role is described using 8 signs (their numbers in the questionnaire are 3, 5, 7, 11, 13,17, 19, 23): dependence on the family (limiting the mother to the role of housewife); “sacrifice” of parents; marital conflicts; super-authority of parents (encouraging the child’s dependence on parents); dissatisfaction with the role of the housewife (“martyrdom” of parents); husband's indifference (husband's inattention to his wife); mother's dominance; lack of independence of the mother (the need for outside help in raising the child).

2. Parents' attitude towards the child:

□ optimal emotional contact is determined in accordance with the severity of 4 signs (their numbers on the questionnaire are 1, 14,15, 21): verbalization (giving the child the opportunity to speak); partnerships (equality between parents and child); encouraging child activity; companionship between parents and children;

□ excessive emotional distance with a child includes 3 signs (their numbers on the questionnaire are 8, 9, 16): strictness of parents; irritability of parents; avoidance of conflict (avoidance of communication with the child);

□ excessive concentration on the child is described by 8 signs (their numbers on the questionnaire are 2, 4, 6, 10, 12, 18, 20, 22): excessive care (protecting the child from difficulties); suppression of the child's will; fear of offending (fear of harming the child); exclusion of extra-family influences (child’s dependence on mother); suppressing the child’s aggressiveness; suppression of the child's sexuality; parental intrusiveness, interference in the child’s world; desire to accelerate the development of the child.

To evaluate the statements of the questionnaire, parents are provided with a special form. The answer form is designed in such a way that the points of each scale of the questionnaire are on one line, for example: the line of the form includes numbers 1, 24, 47, 70, 93, which are points of the first scale of the questionnaire “Verbalization (giving the child the opportunity to speak out).”

Instructions:“Read the statements below and rate each one as follows:

A - if you completely agree with this provision;

a - if you rather agree with this provision than disagree;

b - if you rather disagree with this provision than agree;

B - if you completely disagree with this provision.

There are no right or wrong answers here. You answer according to your opinion. It is very important that you answer all questions. Many of the statements will appear similar, but they are all necessary to capture subtle differences in views on parenting.

Don’t think about your answer for a long time, answer quickly, try to give the first answer that comes to your mind.”

Questionnaire text

1. If children consider their views to be correct, they may not agree with the views of their parents.

2. A good mother should protect her children even from small difficulties and insults.

3. For a good mother, home and family are the most important things in life.

4. Some children are so bad that for their own good they need to be taught to fear adults.

5. Children should be aware that their parents do a lot for them.

6. A small child should always be held firmly while washing to prevent him from falling.

7. People who think that there can be no misunderstandings in a good family do not know life.

8. When a child grows up, he will thank his parents for their strict upbringing.

9. Staying with a child all day can lead to nervous exhaustion.

10. It is better if the child does not think about whether his parents’ views are correct.

11. Parents must instill in their children complete confidence in themselves.

12. A child should be taught to avoid fighting, regardless of the circumstances.

13. The worst thing for a mother who does housework is the feeling that it is not easy for her to free herself from her responsibilities.

14. It is easier for parents to adapt to their children than vice versa.

15. A child must learn many necessary things in life, and therefore he should not be allowed to waste valuable time.

16. If you agree once that a child is being sarcastic, he will do it all the time.

17. If fathers did not interfere in raising children, mothers would cope better with their children.

18. There is no need to talk about gender issues in the presence of a child.

19. If the mother did not manage the house, husband and children, everything would happen less organized.

20. A mother should do everything to know what her children are thinking about.

21. If parents were more interested in the affairs of their children, the children would be better and happier.

22. Most children should be able to independently cope with physiological needs from the age of 15 months.

23. The most difficult thing for a young mother is to remain alone in the first years of raising a child.

24. We must encourage children to express their opinions about life in the family, even if they believe that life in the family is wrong.

25. A mother should do everything to protect her child from the disappointments that life brings.

26. Women who lead a carefree life are not very good mothers.

27. It is imperative to eradicate manifestations of nascent malice in children.

28. A mother must sacrifice her happiness for the happiness of her child.

29. All young mothers are afraid of their inexperience in handling a child.

30. Spouses should argue from time to time to prove their rights.

31. Strict discipline towards a child develops strong character in him.

32. Mothers are often so tormented by the presence of their children that it seems to them that they cannot be with them for a minute more.

33. Parents should not appear in a bad light to their children.

34. A child should respect his parents more than others.

35. A child should always seek help from parents or teachers instead of settling their misunderstandings by fighting.

36. Constantly staying with children convinces the mother that her educational capabilities are less than her skills and abilities (she could, but...).

37. Parents must win the favor of their children through their actions.

38. Children who do not try their hand at achieving success should know that later in life they may encounter failures.

39. Parents who talk with a child about his problems should know that it is better to leave the child alone and not get involved in his affairs.

40. Husbands, if they do not want to be selfish, should take part in family life.

41. Girls and boys should not be allowed to see each other naked.

42. If the wife is sufficiently prepared to solve problems independently, then this is better for both the children and the husband.

43. A child should not have secrets from his parents.

44. If it is your custom that children tell you jokes, and you tell them, then many issues can be resolved calmly and without conflicts.

45. If you teach a child to walk early, this has a beneficial effect on his development.

46. It is not good when a mother alone overcomes all the difficulties associated with caring for and raising a child.

47. A child should have his own views and the opportunity to express them freely.

48. We must protect the child from hard work.

49. A woman must choose between housework and entertainment.

50. A smart father should teach his child to respect his superiors.

51. Very few women receive gratitude from their children for the work spent on raising them.

52. If a child is in trouble, in any case the mother always feels

guilty.

53. Young spouses, despite the strength of their feelings, always have disagreements that cause irritation.

54. Children who are taught respect for norms of behavior become good, stable and respected people.

55. It rarely happens that a mother who spends all day with her child manages to be affectionate and calm.

56. Children should not learn outside the home anything that contradicts the views of their parents.

57. Children should know that there are no wiser people than their parents.

58. There is no excuse for a child who hits another child.

59. Young mothers suffer more from their confinement at home than from any other reason.

60. Forcing children to refuse and adapt is a bad method of education.

61. Parents should teach their children to find something to do and not waste free time.

62. Children torment their parents with minor problems if they get used to it from the very beginning.

63. When a mother poorly fulfills her responsibilities towards her children, this probably means that the father does not fulfill his responsibilities to support the family.

64. Children's games with sexual content can lead children to sexual crimes.

65. Only the mother should plan, since only she knows how to run a household. ,

66. An attentive mother should know what her child is thinking about.

67. Parents who listen with approval to their children's frank statements about their experiences on dates, social gatherings, dances, etc., help them in faster social development.

68. The faster the connection between children and family weakens, the faster children will learn to resolve their problems.

69. A smart mother does everything possible to ensure that the child is in good conditions before and after birth.

70. Children should take part in solving important family issues.

71. Parents should know what to do to prevent their children from getting into difficult situations.

72. Too many women forget that their proper place is home.

73. Children need maternal care, which they sometimes lack.

74. Children should be more caring and grateful to their mother for the work invested in them.

75. Most mothers are afraid to torture their child by giving him small tasks.

76. There are many issues in family life that cannot be resolved through calm discussion.

77. Most children should be brought up more strictly than is actually the case.

78. Raising children is hard, nervous work.

79. Children should not doubt the way their parents think.

80. Children should respect their parents more than anyone else.

81. Children should not be encouraged to engage in boxing and wrestling, as this can lead to serious body disorders and other problems.

82. One of the bad things is that the mother, as a rule, does not have free time for her favorite activities.

84. When a child does what he is obliged to do, he is on the right path and will be happy.

85. We must leave a child who is sad alone and not deal with him.

86. The greatest desire of any mother is to be understood by her husband.

87. One of the most difficult moments in raising children is sexual problems.

88. If the mother runs the house and takes care of everything, the whole family feels good.

89. Since the child is part of the mother, she has the right to know everything about his life.

90. Children who are allowed to joke and laugh with their parents are more likely to accept their advice.

91. Parents should make every effort to teach their child to cope with physiological needs as early as possible.

92. Most women need more time to rest after giving birth than they are actually given.

93. A child should have confidence that he will not be punished if he trusts his parents with his problems.

94. A child does not need to be taught hard work at home so that he does not lose the desire for any work.

95. For a good mother, communication with her own family is enough.

96. Sometimes parents are forced to act against the will of the child.

97. Mothers sacrifice everything for the good of their children.

99. It is natural that two people with opposing views in a marriage quarrel.

100. Raising children with strict discipline makes them happier.

101. Naturally, a mother “goes crazy” if her children are selfish and very demanding.

102. A child should never listen to criticism about his parents.

103. The first duty of children is trust in their parents.

104. Parents, as a rule, prefer calm children to brawlers.

105. A young mother feels unhappy because she knows that many things she would like to have are not available to her.

106. There is no reason why parents should have more rights and privileges than children.

107. The sooner a child understands that there is no point in wasting time, the better for him.

108. Children do everything possible to interest their parents in their problems.

109. Few men understand that the mother of their child also needs joy in life.

110. There is something wrong with a child if he asks a lot about sexual matters.

111. When getting married, a woman must be aware that she will be forced to manage family affairs.

112. It is the mother’s duty to know the secret thoughts of the child.

113. If you include a child in household chores, he becomes more connected with his parents and more easily trusts them with his problems.

114. It is necessary to stop breastfeeding and bottle-feeding the child as early as possible (teach the child to feed “independently”).

115. You cannot demand too much responsibility from a mother towards her children.

Form

"Education

Experience in family life ____

Number and age of children

The PARI method is designed to study parents’ attitudes towards different aspects of family life (family role), as well as the study of child-parent relationships.

The questionnaire includes 115 statements, which are combined into 23 scales (five statements each). Of these, 8 scales relate to attitudes towards family roles, and 15 – parent-child relationships.

Family Role Attitudes Scale

Described using 8 signs, their numbers in the questionnaire are 3, 5, 7, 11,13, 17, 19, 23:

Limitation of a woman’s interests within the family, caring exclusively about the family (3);

Feeling of self-sacrifice in the role of mother (5);

Dissatisfaction with the role of the housewife (13);

- “indifference” to the husband, his lack of involvement in family affairs (17);

Maternal dominance (19);

Maternal dependence and lack of independence (23).

Parent-Child Relationship Scale

Optimal emotional contact (consists of 4 signs, their numbers on the questionnaire are 1, 14, 15, 21);

Encouraging verbal manifestations, verbalizations (1);

Partnerships (14);

Development of child activity (15);

Equal relationship between parents and child (21).

Excessive emotional distance with the child (consists of 3 signs, their numbers on the questionnaire are 8, 9, 16):

Irritability, hot temper (8);

Severity, excessive severity (9);

Avoidance of contact with children (16).

Excessive concentration on the child (8 signs are described, their numbers on the questionnaire are 2, 4, 6, 10, 12, 18, 20,22):

Excessive care, establishment of dependent relationships (2);

Overcoming resistance, suppression of will (4);

Creating security, fear of offending (6);

Elimination of extra-familial influences (10);

Suppression of aggressiveness (12);

Sexual suppression (18);

Excessive interference in the child’s world (20);

The desire to accelerate the development of the child (22).

Each attribute is measured using 5 judgments, balanced in terms of measuring ability and semantic content. The entire methodology consists of 115 judgments. Judgments are arranged in a certain sequence, and the respondent must express an attitude towards them in the form of active or partial agreement or disagreement. The scheme for recalculating answers points is contained in the “key” of the methodology. The sum of digital significance determines the severity of the trait 20, the minimum 5.18, 19.20 - high scores, respectively 8.7,6.5 - low. The questionnaire and answer sheet are attached.

It makes sense to analyze high and low scores first.

Instructions: Here are questions that will help you find out what parents think about raising children. There are no right or wrong answers here, because... everyone is right in relation to their own views. Try to answer accurately and truthfully.

Some questions may seem the same to you. However, this is not tech. The questions are similar, but not the same. This was done in order to capture possible, even small differences in views on raising children.

The questionnaire will take approximately 20 minutes to complete. Don't think about your answer for a long time, answer quickly, trying to give the correct answer that comes to your mind.

Next to each position are the letters A a b B; you need to choose them depending on your belief in the correctness of the given sentence:

A – if you fully agree with this provision;

a – if you rather agree with this provision than disagree;

b – if you disagree with this provision rather than agree;

B – if you completely agree with this provision.

Tell us about yourself:

Age ___________________________________ Gender _______________________

Education ________________________Profession __________________

Number and age of children _______________________________________________

1. If children consider their views to be correct, they may not agree with the views of their parents.

2. A good mother should protect her children even from small difficulties and insults.

3. For a good mother, home and family are the most important things in life.

4. Some children are so bad that for their own good they need to be taught to fear adults.

5. Children should be aware that their parents do a lot for them.

6. A small child should always be held firmly in your hands while washing to prevent him from falling.

7. People who think that there can be no misunderstandings in a good family do not know life.

8. When a child grows up, he will thank his parents for their strict upbringing.

9. Staying with a child all day can lead to nervous exhaustion.

10. It is best if the child does not think about whether his parents’ views are correct.

11. Parents must instill in their children complete confidence in themselves.

12. A child should be taught to avoid fighting, regardless of the circumstances.

13. The worst thing for a mother who does housework is the feeling that it is not easy for her to free herself from her responsibilities.

14. It is easier for parents to adapt to their children than vice versa.

15. A child must learn many necessary things in life, and therefore he should not be allowed to waste valuable time.

16. If you agree once that a child is being sarcastic, he will do it all the time.

17.If fathers did not interfere in raising children, mothers would cope better with their children.

18. There is no need to talk about gender issues in the presence of a child.

19. If the mother did not manage the house, husband and children, everything would happen less organized.

20. A mother should do everything to know what her children are thinking about.

21. If parents were more interested in the affairs of their children, the children would be better and happier.

22. Most children should be able to independently cope with physiological needs from the age of 15 months.

23. The most difficult thing for a young mother is to remain alone in the first years of raising a child.

24. We must encourage children to express their opinions about life and the family, even if they believe that life in the family is wrong.